Research suggests that location-tracking links typically utilize a combination of GPS, Wi-Fi-based positioning, and cell tower triangulation to determine a device’s location, with studies indicating that GPS-based tracking is generally more accurate (Liu et al., 2019). The required permissions for such tracking links usually include access to location services, which can be granted during the installation of monitoring apps or family trackers, with Android devices often providing more flexible location-sharing options compared to iOS devices (Kang et al., 2020).